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Cannabinoids - their effects explained simply
Cannabinoids explained simply
They are not only active compounds of the cannabis plant, but also essential for human survival. This explains the widespread use of cannabinoids as medicines to relieve various symptoms. Medical cannabis as a remedy is gaining increasing importance. Medical applications of cannabis include, among others, neurogenic spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and chronic pain.
The cannabinoid system is involved in the body’s natural pain inhibition and the regulation of many other physiological processes. This is why cannabinoids are used in pain therapy.
What types of cannabinoids are there?
To date, around 144 different cannabinoids have been discovered in the cannabis plant. In their basic form, they are chemical compounds found in various organisms. There are three main types of cannabinoids we would like to present here:
Phytocannabinoids – plant-produced
Resin forms on the surfaces of cannabis plants. This resin contains phytocannabinoids and gives the dried plant a slightly sticky consistency. In nature, these cannabinoids mainly serve to defend the plant against predators. Cannabis is currently the largest known source. To ensure that the natural active substances in medical cannabis remain effective for as long as possible, proper storage is essential.
Endocannabinoids – naturally produced by the body
These are all cannabinoids that are produced by the bodies of mammals. They regulate fundamental functions in the human body and are therefore essential for us. A deficiency in endocannabinoids can lead to illnesses and physical discomfort.
Synthetic cannabinoids – artificially produced
By replicating parts of natural cannabinoids or their base structures, researchers try to mimic the effects found in nature. For example, they aim to develop medications to relieve pain.
How do cannabinoids work in the body?
The cannabis plant contains over 100 different cannabinoids with a wide range of effects. However, these are still not fully researched and cannot always be clearly defined.
Our body has an endocannabinoid system (ECS), which consists mainly of CB1 and CB2 receptors. These two receptors are found in different areas of the human nervous system, where they perform various functions and mediate the effects of cannabinoids.
Cannabinoid receptors
CB1 receptors are primarily responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells. Cannabinoids like THC bind to these receptors and regulate the activity of neurotransmitters such as dopamine or serotonin. When these substances are not kept in balance, either through excess or deficiency, diseases of the nervous system may result. Another major function of CB1 receptors is pain perception. If the receptors do not receive enough neurotransmitters, cannabinoids can be administered externally to enhance neurotransmission and reduce pain.
CB2 receptors are mainly responsible for the immune system. They detect bacteria and pathogens entering the body and attempt to reduce or prevent their spread. CB2 receptors can also help regenerate damaged cells. Binding of endocannabinoids to these receptors can also help regulate inflammation.
These regulatory functions make the ECS and its cannabinoids so important for the human body. The system can support relief in cases such as epileptic seizures, anxiety disorders, nausea, or hyperactivity. This broad range of ECS responsibilities also explains the diverse effects of cannabidiol on the human body.